Efrat, Israel – “When you have crossed the Jordan into the land the Lord your God is giving you, set up some large stones and coat them with plaster. Write on them all the words of this law when you have crossed over to enter the land the Lord your God is giving you, a land flowing with milk and honey… set up these stones on Mount Ebal, as I command you today…” (Deut. 27:2-4)
Why are the Israelites commanded to leave Trans Jordan and travel through the heart of enemy territory all the way up to Mt. Ebal overlooking Shekhem? After forty years of wandering in the desert, what’s the rush to get to Shekhem? The command is especially strange since the Israelites will then almost immediately return back to where they started from! And why the urgency to write out the Torah on twelve stones in Shekhem?
The first explanation is based upon the Biblical record that Abraham, heeded G_d’s commandment to leave his land, (Ur of the Chaldees, in modern-day Iraq) taking with him his wife Sarai, his nephew, Lot, and all their belongings. When they reached Canaan, Abraham continued to traverse the promised boundaries of Israel as far as Shekhem. There, he built an altar to G_d who had appeared to him. (Gen. 12:5-7)
The Gaon of Lutzk, Rabbi Zalman Sorotozkin, (1881-1966), author of Oznayim LaTorah, points out that by coming to Shekhem, the Israelites establish the fact they’re not newcomers to Israel; their historical roots in this land goes back to Abraham. They were exiled in Egypt, but now they’re returning to re-establish Abraham’s legacy. It was not the land’s fruit trees, or physical beauty that brought them back to Israel; it was the fact that Israel was their Promised Land, originally settled and acquired by Abraham.
In addition, Shekhem is one of three locations (along with Hebron and Jerusalem), which was paid for in cash. Jacob, after his long stay with Laban in Aram, returned and bought an open field, Shekhem, for 100 kesitah. (Gen. 33:19)
This combination of historical right (Abraham’s acquisition by settlement) and law (Jacob’s purchase), makes Shekhem unique among Israel’s cities. Hence for the émigrés from the desert to travel first to Shekhem was like bringing visitors straight from Ben Gurion airport to the Kotel.
But it’s not just a history lesson. When the Jews are commanded to write the Torah on twelve stones, past memory becomes future destiny. For although the Jewish right to the land may be historic, Jews will not be able to live on their land unless they keep the ethical, moral and ritual commandments of Torah. This is what guarantees that Israel will not be the mere gravesite of our past, but will remain the homeland of our future.
And the Torah is more than the Constitution of Israel. The verses concerning the Jews setting up these twelve stones end (Deut. 27:8) with the words ‘be’er hetev,’ which literally mean ‘explained clearly.’ Quoting from the Mishnah Sotah (7: 1), Rashi explains that ‘be’er hetev’ means that the Torah was written “in 70 languages,” symbolizing the 70 nations. In other words, the sages understood that a further condition for our maintaining sovereignty over the land is that we must teach at least the moral laws of the Torah to the entire world.
When G_d first elected Abraham, He explained that the Patriarch will be the father of a great nation through which all the families of the earth will be blessed. Indeed, G_d chose Abraham because he was “teaching his household to guard the ways of the Lord, to do compassionate righteousness and moral justice”. (Gen. 18:18-19).
In the covenant with Abraham, “between the pieces” G_d established Israel, the nation; in the Covenant at Sinai, G_d established Israel, the religion; and in the Covenant at Shekhem, G_d established Israel, His witnesses to the world! It is precisely this Third Covenant which expresses our universal mission.
Shekhem is also where Joseph, the son of Jacob, is buried. Joseph, who never forgot G_d’s charge to Abraham to bless the world; Joseph, who dreamt of Egyptian agriculture and eventually brought his entire family to Egypt;, Joseph, who taught Pharaoh about the G_d of Israel and the world; this is the same Joseph who set the stage to teach the greatest power in the ancient world that G_d created every human being in His image and that G_lity and fundamental freedom of every individual. Joseph began the process which led to the Arab Spring today.
Finally, it was in Shekhem that the children of Israel waged their war against a tribal “nation” which perpetrated an act of rape upon their sister Dinah, seemingly with impunity. This was the first example of the necessity of Israel to champion moral justice and human rights before the eyes of the world in the Fertile Crescent, the first place where Israel fought terrorism.
Perhaps this is why our Promised Land is at the crossroads of the continent. From the very moment we crossed the Jordan, God charges us with perfecting the world under the Kingship of a G_d of love and universal law.
Shabbat Shalom
Rabbi Shlomo Riskin
Founder & Rosh Yeshiva,
Ohr Torah Stone
Founding Rabbi of Efrat